Simulators and models for laryngeal laser surgery and laser myringotomy.

INTRODUCTION The laser is an important surgical tool in otolaryngology. It is commonly used for a variety of laryngeal lesions, as well as other aspects of otolaryngology. When used appropriately, advantages of lasers include precision, decreased bleeding, better hemostasis, minimal instrumentation, quicker recovery, and less pain. Disadvantages include surrounding thermal damage, airway fire, the need for trained personnel, and cost of the machine. The American Society for Laser Medicine and Surgery recommends completion of a basic training program devoted to principles of lasers, physiological effects, safety requirements, and instrumentation—including clinical applications in the specialty field. There should also be a minimum of eight to ten hours of hands-on practical sessions. When training in laser surgery, it is important to recognize that a learning curve exists. This needs to be respected or adverse outcomes may occur. We designed a series of devices to simulate surgical conditions. These help surgeons practice and develop laser surgery techniques in the laboratory and can be translated safely to the clinical setting.